命题作文是依据所给题目,确定中心,选择材料,写出符合题意,内容表达具体、充分的文章。写命题作文通常要注意以下几点:
一、审准题目:文章的中心要对题目的分析来确定,一定要弄清主题的内涵,确立与文章联系的主题思想,表达不能游离于主题,否则即使内容再精彩,也是"跑题"作文,得分将会大打折扣,因此,写命题作文最重要的是先审清题目,确立要表现的中心。
二、构思结构:就是开放思路,启动联想,构想表现形式,勾勒出文章的结构层次,依次写出引言段,主题句,发展段和结尾句,努力使之新颖,别致。
三、选择材料:这一点很重要,一定要围绕想表现的中心去选择组织材料,所选的材料必须典型精要。
四、表达:就是用最确切明了的语言贯穿材料,表达自己的思想,力争用符合英语语法规则。英语表达习惯,最顺畅自然的词,句,段去表达中心思想,与表现中心无关的话即使再生动形象也不要去写。就写作的目的表现形式来看,命题作文分为三种形式:1、记叙文类;2、说明文类; 3、议论文类。
记叙文的写作
记叙文就是以记叙人物的经历或事物发展变化过程为主的一种文章。在初中写作训练中,记叙文是最基本,最常见,最重要的书面表达形式。记叙文有"六要素"即指"时间,地点,人物和事件的起因,经过和结果"。一篇记叙文只要把这些要素写清楚,文章就会内容具体, 眉目清晰,中心意思明确。一般情况下,这六要素中的人物,时间,地点作为开端,要写在文章的开头。事件,原因常作为记叙文的段落发展,又称为文章的主体部分,应该放在文章的中间。结果作为记叙文的结局常放在文章的末尾处。
记叙文从写作的线索上来看,有三种表现形式:
1、以人物为主,围绕人物组织材料。
2、以事物为中心,围绕事件组织材料或围绕事件写人。
3、以写景状物,描写为主。
写好记叙文应注意以下几点:
1、明确写作目的:写文章的目的就是确切表达一个中心思想,文章的一切内容应自始自终地为展开中心服务。
2、选择细节材料:选择好的细节材料就是为了更好地表现主题,所选择的材料要有代表性,典型性。写作内容要详略得当,主要情节应详细写,次要内容要简略或概述。
1)关于写人物,一般要把某人的年龄,外貌和性格特征,人物行为,心理活动等方面简要概括出来。同时要略加点评或感想。
2)关于写事件,事件是记叙的核心,往往有它的起因,经过和结局。写事件要比较详细地交代事情的来龙去脉,同时要重点突出,表达精练,防止渲染。
3、恰当的选择写作方法:记叙文的写作方法就是指写作的顺序,文章先写什么,后写什么都要有一定顺序。
记叙文的特点
1. 叙述的人称
英语的记叙文一般是以第一或第三人称的角度来叙述的。用第一称表示的是由叙述者亲眼所见、亲耳所闻的经历。它的优点在于能把故事的情节通过“我”来传达给读者,使人读后感到真实可信,如身临其境。如:
The other day, I was driving along the street. Suddenly, a car lost its control and ran directly towards me fast. I was so frightened that I quickly turned to the left side. But it was too late. The car hit my bike and I fell off it.
用第三人称叙述,优点在于叙述者不受“我”活动范围以内的人和事物的限制,而是通过作者与读者之外的第三者,直接把故事中的情节展现在读者面前,文章的客观性很强。如:
Little Tom was going to school with an umbrella, for it was raining hard. On the way, he saw an old woman walking in the rain with nothing to cover. Tom went up to the old woman and wanted to share the umbrella with her, but he was too short. What could he do? Then he had a good idea.
2. 动词的时态
在记叙文中,记和叙都离不开动词。所以动词出现率最高,且富于变化。记叙文中用得最多的是动词的过去的,这是英语记叙文区别于汉语记叙文的关键之处。英语写作的优美之处就在于这些动词时态的变化,正是这一点才使得所记、所叙有鲜活的动态感、鲜明的层次感和立体感。
3. 叙述的顺序
记叙一件事要有一定的顺序。无论是顺叙、倒叙、插叙还是补叙,都要让读者能弄清事情的来龙去脉。顺叙最容易操作,较容易给读者提供有关事情的空间和时间线索。但这种方法也容易使文章显得平铺直叙,读起来平淡乏味。倒叙、插叙、补叙等叙述方法能有效地提高文章的结构效果,让所叙之事跌宕起伏,使读者在阅读时思维产生较大的跳跃,从而为文章所吸引,深入其中。但这些方法如果使用不当,则容易弄巧成拙,使文章结构散乱,头绪不清,让读者不知所云。
4. 叙述的过渡
过渡在上下文中起着承上启下、融会贯通的作用。过渡往往用在地点转移或时间、事件转换以及由概括说明到具体叙述时。如:
In my summer holidays, I did a lot of things. Apart form doing my homework, reading an English novel, watching TV and doing some housework, I went on a trip to Qingdao. It is really a beautiful city. There are many places of interest to see. But what impressed me most was the sunrise.
The next morning I got up early. I was very happy because it was a fine day. By the time I got to the beach, the clouds on the horizon were turning red. In a little while, a small part of the sun was gradually appearing. The sun was very red, not shining. It rose slowly. At last it broke through the red clouds and jumped above the sea, just like a deep-red ball. At the same time the clouds and the sea water became red and bright.
What a moving and unforgettable scene!
写作实践范例
以"My Chinese Teacher"为标题写一篇字数为80-100之间的英语短文。提示内容如下:
1、孙老师今年36岁,中等身材。
2、她关心。热爱学生,工作认真负责。
3、她语文课讲得生动。有趣。
My Chinese Teacher
Of all the subjects, I like Chinese best because I have a good Chinese teacher. Though she has been teaching us for only three years, I respect and love her very much.
My Chinese teacher is thirty-six years old and she is neither tall nor short.
Ms Sun works very hard. She is always the first to come and the last to leave her office. She tries to make her classes lively and interesting. And we enjoy her lessons very much.
Ms Sun is very kind and friendly to us. And we're getting on well with each other. But she is very strict with us in our studies.
Ms Sun teaches us so well that we all enjoy learning Chinese. All the students think she is one of the most popular teachers in our school. |