高考听力理解试题特点分析及解题技巧
1、听力理解试题的命题依据
新《全日制高级中学英语学科课程标准》中对听力的二级目标要求是听力试题的命题依据。它要求考生能听懂英美人士的录音材料,能听懂所学语言范围内用正常语速谈论日常生活的内容,能听懂没有生词、题材熟悉、难度略低于所学材料的语段,语速为每分钟120个词,听一遍能理解大意,听二至三遍能了解其中重要的细节,理解正确率要求达到70%。
2、试题测试方式
英语听力试题主要有以下四类测试方式:
1)领略主旨大意,概括话题内容
要求考生对听到的内容有一个整体的把握和全面的领会。常见的考查话题的问题有:
What are the two speakers talking about?
What are the two speakers doing?
2)获取具体事实,把握信息联系
要求考生听清、听懂事实信息,精确理解具体细节、特殊信息,如时间、地点、人物、价钱、数量、原因、目的、结果等,同时,还要对所听到的信息做简单的处理,比如数字运算、时间顺序、比较筛选、同义转换、因果关系、深层推理等。常见的考查细节的问题有:
When should Susan go to meet Professor Brown?
Whom would they turn to for help?
3)推测谈话背景,判断人物身份
要求考生理解对话地点、背景和对话者之间关系。从某方面来看,主要考查对对话或独白发生的背景、说话者之间的关系的理解程度。常见的考查背景的问题有:
Where did the conversation most likely take place?
Where are the two speakers talking?
4)领会弦外之音,理解观点意图
要求考生不仅能理解听到的内容的主旨大意,而且能通过其中的重要细节、具体事实,揣摩、推断说话者的意图、观点和态度等,因为说话者总会有他(她)的意图:提出意见,回答问题,表达想法,或阐明观点。常见的有关意图的问题有:
What does the woman mean?
What does the speaker want to tell us?
3、解答听力测试题目的基本技巧
(1)快速浏览,上下联系,果断预测。
考生应充分利用放录音前阅读题干和选项的时间仔细阅读和分析题干和其提供的背景信息做出正确判断、推测,这样在听录音的过程中将所听到的信息与自己事先预测、推断的选项快速进行对比,从而帮助自己进一步理解所听内容,最终获得准确无误的选项。如下例:
(1)Where does this conversation take place? (NMET2000-6)
A. At a booking office.
B. At a museum.
C. In a record store.
(2)On which day will the Japanese Music Concert be held? (NMET2000-7)
A. The 28th. B. The 30th. C. The 15th.
(3)How does the man pay for the tickets? (NMET2000-8)
A. By credit card.
B. With U. S. dollars.
C. By cheque.
考生从上面所给的题干和选项中可以较为容易地对第一小题的选项做出正确的判断和推测为A项是标准答案。其原因就是从第二小题和第三小题的题干的背景信息可以得知对话应是在booking office进行的,因为“Music Concert”不可能在“museum”或“record store”内进行,再则第三小题的题干已暗示由“pay for tickets”的行为产生。
(2)弄清时态,捕捉暗示,巧断时间、地点。
听力试题中经常出现问有关事情发生的时间,这些问题的判断需要考生对听力材料中时态的应用要多加关注。而涉及到对话发生于何地的问题,考生应多多注意对话或独白材料中的具体情节和背景知识的判断标识记号。考生对一些特定场合下使用的词汇要做到烂熟于心,以便自己迅速做出正确判断。
如餐馆业使用的order, menu, bill, tip, soup, sandwich, hamburger, dish, beer, soft drink和juice等词汇;
医院、医务室常用的have a cold, high fever, take medicine, temperature, headache, blood pressure, medical examination等词汇或短语;
涉及到邮局的词汇有stamp, envelope, mail, registered letter, package, express mail, telegram等。
【例1】Where are the two speakers?(NMET2000-1)
A. In a department store.
B. In a clothes factory.
C. On a playground.
Text One
W: May I help you?
M: Yes. I like to try on some sports jackets. I prefer something like the one I'm wearing.
由上例对话中人物的用词“try on some sports jacket”可以看出这个简短对话是在一家商场内进行的。
另外进行听力训练还要注意以下几点:
(1)首先安定好自身情绪,集中精力。轻松愉快地做好听力测试前的一切准备。在听力测试播放前,以常态的心情去掠读听力试题的题干和选项,以便自己头脑中有个清晰的信息筛选概念。
(2)弃前保后,弃小保大。这点要求考生在进行听力测试时,凡遇到前面有听不懂的地方,不必惊慌,一定要保证自己集中精力听好后面的内容,以便进行正确的信息筛选。
(3)随听随记,把握信息。这要求考生在进行听力测试时,要对对话或独白中的一些数字、地名、人名等细节信息要特别留心,认为自己无把握时,应及时用笔随手记下。
(4)点面结合,联想互补。听力测试时,考生往往会出现有些信息把握住了,而有些信息却听不明白。这时候关键的是要求考生应充分利用已听懂部分的内容和信息,积极发挥合理的想象力、推理能力去估计和预测自己没能听懂的内容或遗漏的信息。
2006年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试
英 语
第I卷
第一部分:听力(共两节,满分30分)
做题时,先将答案标在试卷上。录音内容结束后,你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂到答题卡上。
第一节 (共5小题;每小题1.5分,满分7.5分)
听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题,从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项,并标在试卷的相应位置。听完每段对话后,你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。
例:How much is the shirt ?
A.£19.15. B.£9.15. C.£9.18. 答案是B.
1. How much will the man pay for the tickets?
A. £7.5. B. £15. C. £50.
2. Which is the right gate for the man's flight?
A. Gate 16. B. Gate 22. C. Gate 25.
3. How does the man feel about going to school by bike?
A. Happy. B. Tired. C. Worried.
4. When can the man get the computers?
A. On Tuesday. B. On Wednesday. C. On Thursday
5. What does the man think of the shirt for the party?
A. The size is not large enough. B. The material is not good. C. The color is not suitable.
第二节 (共15小题;每题1.5分,满分22.5分)
听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题,从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项,并标在试卷的相应位置。听每段对话或独白前,你将有时间阅读各个小题,每小题5秒钟;听完后,每小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。
听第6段材料,回答第6、7题。
6. What can we learn about Mr. Brown?
A. He is in his office. B. He is at a meeting. C. He is out for a meeting.
7. What will the man probably do next?
A. Call back. B. Come again. C. Leave a message.
听第7段材料,回答第8、9题。
8. What kind of room does the man want to take?
A. A single room. B. A double room. C. A room for three.
9. What does the man need to put in the form?
A. Telephone and student card numbers.
B. Student card number and address.
C. Address and telephone number.
听第8段材料,回答第10至12题。
10. What is the relationship between the speakers?
A. Fellow clerks.
B. Boss and secretary.
C. Customer and salesperson.
11. What does the man like about his job?
A. Living close to the office.
B. Chances to go abroad.
C. Nice people to work with.
12. What do we know about the woman?
A. She likes traveling.
B. She is new to the company.
C. She works in public relations.
听第9段材料,回答第13至16题。
13. When will the visitors come?
A. In March. B. In April. C. In May.
14. How many visitors are coming?
A. 8. B. 10. C. 12.
15 What will the visitors do on the second day?
A. Go to a party. B. Visit schools. C. Attend a lecture.
16. Where will the visitors go on the final day?
A. To London B. To Scotland C. To the coast.
听第10段材料,回答第17至20题。
17. What is the first word the baby tried to say?
A. Truck. B. Ok. C. Duck.
18. How old was the baby when he learned to say that word correctly?
A. About 18 months. B. About 21 months. C. About 24 months.
19. What did the father do when the baby screamed that word at the airport?
A. He corrected the baby.
B. He tried to stop the baby.
C. He hid himself somewhere.
20. Why did the mother pretend not to know the baby?
A. She got angry with the father.
B. She was frightened by the noise.
C. She felt uneasy about the noisy baby.
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