一、定语从句是形容词从句,其作用相当于一个形容词,是用来修饰前面的名词或代词的;同位语从句是名词从句,其作用相当于一个名词,是对前面的名词作进一步解释的。
We heard the news that he had won the game. 我们听到消息他赢得了比赛。(the news 的进一步说明)
二、定语从句的引导词在从句中充当一定的成分,可作主语、宾语、状语等;而同位语从句中的引导词在从句只起连接作用,不作任何句子成分。
The fact that they didn't finish the work has to be faced. 必须面对事实,他们没有完成工作。 (has to be faced 必须)
三、引导定语从句的关联词在从句中作宾语或状语时,可以省略或被其他词代替;而同位语从句的引导词一般不能省略,更不能被代替。
The news that she heard is true. 她听到的这个消息是真的。 (这句话是定语从句,that 可省略。代表成分)
The news that she will go abroad is true. 他将出国这个消息是真的。 (这是同位语从句,that 不可省略 代表间接词)
The reason why he was chosen remains unknown. 他为什么被选上的原因还是不清楚。
The idea why he was chosen attracted our attention. 他为什么会被选上,这一想法引起我们的注意。 (I attract CC's attention . 我引起了CC的注意。 同位语从句,why 不能省去,也不能被其它词代替。)
四、同位语从句与其所修饰的名词之间是一种同位关系,二者之间存在逻辑上的系表关系,可用“主+系+表”结构来表示。
The news that he won the first place is true. (他赢得冠军的那个消息是真的。 “ the first place ”指身份、等级。)
The news is that he won the first place. (她赢得冠军的消息)
The possibilities that she was offered seemed very great. (她得到的可能性似乎很大。possibility是抽象名词。)
Her mother was worried about the possibility that her daughter dislike to go to school.(她妈妈因她女儿不喜欢上学而担忧。possibilities是定语从句的先行词,在that前面。)
I have no idea when she will be back。(我不知道他将要什么时候回来)
I still remember the day when I first came to Beijing. (我仍然记得初次来北京的那天。)
哈哈 总结一下吧·!
定语从句的“that”代表成分,可省略。
同位语从句的“that”代表连接词 ,不可省略。
定语从句带“的”。
同位语不带“的”。
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